Tuesday, December 8, 2015

Looking Up

For the past weeks I have been looking up - up into the trees and up into the skyline, gazing above from the ground into the endless blue abyss.  Seeing the world like this almost goes against human nature. To orient one’s eyes horizontally or down towards the ground is more natural for humans.  Generally, it can be argued, we orients our eyes for one of two reasons: to observe a destination, so that we might move toward it or away from it; or to observe and reflect on what the eyes are seeing.  This anthropocentric idea I pondered brought to mind that most animals are aware of their surroundings in a similar manner, and can both see and avoid if necessary what is around them. But humans are not only able to do this but also consciously reflect and think more deeply on what they are observing. I found myself spending time in Salisbury University’s alumni garden due to the latter of the two reasons, reflecting on the natural history of this location. 
            With this practice of altered perception I focused on the wildlife in the area.  Everything from the birds, to the mammals, to the plant life in the garden captured my attention. The movements of birds and squirrels, as well as the colors of the plants and trees popping out and changing as one season slowly transitioned into another, defined my experience here.  I picked a particular spot in the garden to spend time in. I found it helped me connect with the area more by cultivating familiarity with this spot.  One of my first impressions of this garden was how a hummingbird flew across my field of vision as it was leaving from its feeding. This was strange because I had never really encountered a hummingbird before. Since then this bird has not reappeared. Still, I have witnessed a multitude of natural processes in this garden that humans are surrounded by everyday yet think nothing of.  For instance, a spider crawled across the grass in front of me as I lay on my stomach looking up from the grass to the sky. What was this spider’s destination? What did it think of me? Was it registering me the same way, or at all, as I was registering it?  I could see the underside of this spider as it passed in front of me, which is a view that not many people would think twice about. The fluid motion of the spider as it crossed from one blade of grass to the next was something that I had not really thought of before as beautiful but the longer I watched it the more I found this simple action pleasing to the eye. Finding the beauty in a simple action of something seemingly insignificant helped me to better form a connection with the garden that I did not have before.
            The changing of the seasons moved me over the time of my visits, the shift in colors as the summer changed from fall to winter. The shift of seasons got me thinking about seasonal ecology and how and why wildlife reacts to the slowing down of most if not all of the natural processes that occur in the garden.  How severely are the human interactions involved in tending to the garden affecting the natural processes of wildlife in the area? Are the pollinators and insects staying longer because there are non-native species of plants being planted? And would this shift cause population changes to occur as more would seem to die when the frost occurs? The shift In seasons really got my mind racing about all of these questions and it got me to think and reflect a little bit deeper on this garden, especially how humans could possibly be affecting natural processes of this half man made, half natural ecosystem.
            Seeing this garden from a different perspective allowed for me to think about the natural world in a way that I did not find myself while looking down upon it with my eyes oriented horizontally at standing height. This shift in my visual perception of the garden had me routinely reflecting on everyday processes that myself or others would have ignored otherwise.  Mostly what I had observed were birds flying across the sky, migrating as the seasons changed, or roosting and feeding in the canopy of the trees across the skyline.  A murmuration of starlings (Maryland Ornithological Society), about 300 strong, flew one day into my upward field of vision above the alumni garden and landed on the trees. Why did the flock choose to land here at the garden during their daily travels?  While they were flying, this large group of birds seemed to fly so close together that collectively they appeared to be a black blob in the midst of the blue sky.  How was it that during the ever-changing shapes and abstract forms that they were flying in, not one single bird managed to collide with another? I could only imagine how hectic it would be to be a part of that flock but then I think to myself how it must be second nature to them.  After looking deeper into this question I discovered that I am not alone in this thinking. They are able to move in these ever-changing shapes so quickly due to a phenomenon known as scale-free correlation. (Alfano) When one bird changes its velocity or direction, every other bird in the flock responds by changing direction or speed as well. When this happens constantly it results in the birds of a flock moving in an abstract yet fluid motion with one another. In addition to the birds moving around the area squirrels during this seasonal change become more active as they were frantically scrambling around the area to prepare food for the winter during this change as well.  Scrambling from canopy to the ground, these mammals were collecting acorns and nuts to bury underground. Dispersing seeds left and right, these squirrels are unintentionally planting future generations of trees. Maybe one day in the very far future, when the school is no longer here this garden could be a plot of hardwood trees that ended up here as a result of the squirrels burying seeds in the ground.
            Looking both across and down on the garden offered a viewpoint on all of the life on the ground, not just that soaring above me. What I focused on mostly was the plant life in the garden. Mainly I was captivated by the changes in color and foliage as the seasons shifted to colder weather.  While the trees were changing in color the plants seemed to fade to a dull withered tone that people seem to connect with in the winter.  Why is it that humans connect so emotionally to nature and can be so easily affected by a change in color and tone of the natural world? As the fall daylight gets shorter the trees slow their “food making” process and the chlorophyll starts to break down in the leaves causing the reds, and yellows, and oranges to become visible. (Palm)  Could seasonal depression in the fall possibly be as a result of a subconscious connection to the natural world and the feeling people get from this time of year could be a result of this subtle connection with this slowly dying ecosystem? Also could the decreased amount of light due to shorter days play a factor in seasonal emotional slumps? The decease in the amount of daily sunlight, which has a direct correlation to a release of serotonin, a hormone in the brain that is responsible for boosting ones mood, could be a cause for this seasonal depression because the decreased sunlight exposure means a decrease in the amount of serotonin released within someone. (Nall) About half way through the semester the horticulture department began to take out some of the withered flowers and replace them with mums (Chrysanthemum). This changed the tone of the garden because the brightening of the garden seemed to breath new life into the venue. These new colors changed how I viewed the area because along with the leaves changing from their typical green they started to burst out with reds and yellows that complimented the colors of the mums very well in this transitional fall season.  I began to think how these changes in colors would affect the behavior of the wildlife. Would insects, pollinators, or mammals be attracted to these non-native plants that they would not normally be attracted to, simply because of the color during this time of year?
            My time at the alumni garden has changed the way that I see and understand the natural world around me. This place and its creatures have taught me to be more observant of everything around me and to reflect on what I see, rather than to just glance at the world around me without registering and reflecting more deeply upon everything that is going on.  Looking at my surrounding environment through the lens of the world seen from above me has allowed me to reflect on natural processes in a more intricate way and has allowed me to not only understand something as simple as a garden in greater detail, but usually also left me wanting to question and understand more deeply what happens here and why.
Tim Bender



Works Cited

“Annually Occuring Species in MD.” Maryland Ornithological Society. 4/1/1996.         October 20, 2015.             http://www.mdbirds.org/birds/mdbirds/seasonal/annoccur.html

Alfano, A. (2013) How Do Starling Flocks Create Those Mesmerizing Mumurations? All About Birds. 2/21/13. December 6, 2015.                                                       

Bowman, E. (2015). The LAWN Garden. Horticulture. 112(4), 38-43.

Holden, C. (2005). Where the Bees Are. Science. 309 (5743), 1986-1986.

Kreyling, J. (2010).  Winter climate change: a critical factor for temperate vegetation           performance. Ecology. 91(7), 1939-1948.

Nall, R. (2015). Sunlight and Serotonin. What Are The Benefits of Sunlight?       11/9/2015. December 6, 2015.                

Nicole, W. (2015). Pollinator Power. Environmental Health Perspectives. 123(8),          A210-A215.

Palm, C. (2015) Why Do The Leaves Change Color.  SUNY-Environmental Science and            Forestry. December 6,2015.

Stokes, L. (2007).  Our Bird Garden. Birder’s World. 21(4), 20-23.



4 comments:

  1. It's interesting to see how the same site - the alumni garden - inspired diverging yet complementary approaches to natural history in your and Jake's entries. Your approach emphasizes the questions that are provoked when someone who has studied how ecosystems function takes a second look (both literally and metaphorically) at an ordinary garden. I like very much how cultural and ecological values both come to the fore in your account.

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  2. Great read Tim!
    Funny how similar and relatable our experiences in pretty different garden seem . I too had endless questions come to mind with the change of seasons . Questions that were not answered in my looking up or down, but instead became more complicated. I instead found clarity in seeking to understand/uncomplicate these theories by finding connections- to help better understand encountered natural phenomenons...Seems you have too!

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  3. What is so wonderful about your piece Tim is your how your new view of the natural world from a change in viewpoint includes both physical and metaphysical contemplations. For example, when you described the "spider" and wondered "what it thought about you" you managed to capture the idea that the spider has an awareness of the rest of the world around it without anthropomorphizing it with human contemplations. On the physical world you talked about how humans effect population dynamics at the garden and this speaks to the idea that we are linked natural systems and the roles we play effect the rest of the world.

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